Criminal law – Forfeiture of property – Where restraining orders made in respect of certain property suspected of being under effective control of person suspected of certain offences – Where person convicted of offences – Where property automatically forfeited to Commonwealth under s 92 of Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (Cth) – Where companies associated with convicted person applied for orders under s 102 of Proceeds of Crime Act for recovery of interests, or amounts equal to value of interests, in forfeited property – Whether forfeited property "not used in, or in connection with, any unlawful activity" within s 102(3)(a) of Proceeds of Crime Act – Whether "use" requires that property be necessary for or have made unique contribution to unlawful activity – Whether degree of use must be proportionate to forfeiture of property – Whether forfeited property "not derived or realised, directly or indirectly, by any person from any unlawful activity" within s 102(3)(a) of Proceeds of Crime Act – Whether property "derived" if wholly or partly derived from unlawful activity – Whether degree of derivation must be substantial – Whether forfeited property "acquired ... lawfully" within s 102(3)(b) of Proceeds of Crime Act – Whether applicant must prove each step in process of acquisition lawful – Whether applicant must prove all consideration paid for property lawfully acquired.
Criminal law – Forfeiture of property – Application under s 141 of Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (Cth) for order that forfeited property be available to satisfy pecuniary penalty order against convicted person – Where court must be satisfied property subject to effective control of convicted person – Whether effective control determined as at date of restraining order in respect of property or as at date of determination of application under s 141.
Words and phrases – "acquired the property lawfully", "derived", "directly or indirectly", "effective control", "forfeiture", "interest", "lawfully acquired", "partly derived", "proceeds of an offence", "proceeds of crime", "realised", "unlawful activity", "used in, or in connection with", "wholly derived".
Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (Cth) – ss 5, 6, 16, 17, 18, 24, 24A, 25, 26(4), 29, 42, 44, 66, 67, 92, 102, 104, 116, 141, 314, 315, 317, 329, 330, 337, 338.
